Charlottesville during the Civil War: Difference between revisions

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As part of the American South, [[Charlottesville]], [[Albemarle County]] and the [[University of Virginia]] were all affected by the Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy. However, most of the area was largely spared the brunt of conflict. Charlottesville has parks dedicated to [[Lee Park|Robert E. Lee]] and [[Jackson Park|Stonewall Jackson]]. Some buildings in Scottsville were used as Confederate hospitals<ref>"Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.</ref>.  
As part of the American South, [[Charlottesville]], [[Albemarle County]] and the [[University of Virginia]] were all affected by the Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy. However, most of the area was largely spared the brunt of conflict. Charlottesville has parks dedicated to [[Lee Park|Robert E. Lee]] and [[Jackson Park|Stonewall Jackson]]. Some buildings in Scottsville were used as Confederate hospitals<ref>"Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.</ref>.  
Charlottesville was home a [[Charlottesville General Hospital|500-bed hospital]] that treated over 22,000 wounded soldiers. The hospital was run by Dr. James L. Cabell, a professor of medicine at UVa<ref>Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.</ref>.
Citizens of the area were likely to join the 19th Virginia Infantry Regiment, which fought as part of the Army of Northern Virginia<ref>Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.</ref>.
Charlottesville was spared from destruction when city leaders surrendered to General George Custer<ref>Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.</ref>
A mill owned by the Marchant family was destroyed in 1865 by Union forces. The [[Charlottesville Manufacturing Company]] had been manufacturing uniforms for Confederate soliders<ref>Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.</ref>.


==Key sites==
==Key sites==
*[[Rio Hill]]
*[[Rio Hill]]
*[[
 


==Timeline==
==Timeline==
*'''February 29, 1864:''' General George Custer lead a diversionary raid and crossed the Rivanna near [[Earlysville]], launching a surprise attack on the Stuart Horse Artillery Battalion. Custer's 1,500 men captured the camp, but retreated after mistakenly believing Confederate reinforcements had arrived. This is known as the [[Battle of Rio Hill]]<ref>Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.</ref>.
*'''March 3, 1865:''' Major General Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville to destroy railroad facilities as the 3rd Cavalry Division led by Brevet Major General George A. Custer arrived from Waynesboro. Mayor Christopher H. Fowler, other local officials, and University of Virginia professors [[Socrates Maupin]] and [[John B. Minor]] and Rector [[Thomas L. Preston]] met Custer, just east of here. Fowler surrendered the town, and the professors asked that the university be protected, "for it would always be a national asset." Custer agreed and posted guards during the three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which had been burned in June 1864<ref>"Charlottesville : Occupation of Charlottesville." Charlottesville : Home. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.charlottesville.org/Index.aspx?page=1973>.</ref>.
*'''March 3, 1865:''' Major General Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville to destroy railroad facilities as the 3rd Cavalry Division led by Brevet Major General George A. Custer arrived from Waynesboro. Mayor Christopher H. Fowler, other local officials, and University of Virginia professors [[Socrates Maupin]] and [[John B. Minor]] and Rector [[Thomas L. Preston]] met Custer, just east of here. Fowler surrendered the town, and the professors asked that the university be protected, "for it would always be a national asset." Custer agreed and posted guards during the three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which had been burned in June 1864<ref>"Charlottesville : Occupation of Charlottesville." Charlottesville : Home. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.charlottesville.org/Index.aspx?page=1973>.</ref>.
*'''March 6, 1865:''' Union soldiers crossed the James River at [[Scottsville]] on their way to join General Ulysses Grant at Petersburg. They destroyed canal locks and buildings<ref>"Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.</ref>.  
*'''March 6, 1865:''' Union soldiers crossed the James River at [[Scottsville]] on their way to join General Ulysses Grant at Petersburg. They destroyed canal locks and buildings<ref>"Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.</ref>.  

Revision as of 15:01, 23 August 2010


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As part of the American South, Charlottesville, Albemarle County and the University of Virginia were all affected by the Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy. However, most of the area was largely spared the brunt of conflict. Charlottesville has parks dedicated to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Some buildings in Scottsville were used as Confederate hospitals[1].

Charlottesville was home a 500-bed hospital that treated over 22,000 wounded soldiers. The hospital was run by Dr. James L. Cabell, a professor of medicine at UVa[2].

Citizens of the area were likely to join the 19th Virginia Infantry Regiment, which fought as part of the Army of Northern Virginia[3].

Charlottesville was spared from destruction when city leaders surrendered to General George Custer[4]

A mill owned by the Marchant family was destroyed in 1865 by Union forces. The Charlottesville Manufacturing Company had been manufacturing uniforms for Confederate soliders[5].


Key sites


Timeline

  • February 29, 1864: General George Custer lead a diversionary raid and crossed the Rivanna near Earlysville, launching a surprise attack on the Stuart Horse Artillery Battalion. Custer's 1,500 men captured the camp, but retreated after mistakenly believing Confederate reinforcements had arrived. This is known as the Battle of Rio Hill[6].
  • March 3, 1865: Major General Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville to destroy railroad facilities as the 3rd Cavalry Division led by Brevet Major General George A. Custer arrived from Waynesboro. Mayor Christopher H. Fowler, other local officials, and University of Virginia professors Socrates Maupin and John B. Minor and Rector Thomas L. Preston met Custer, just east of here. Fowler surrendered the town, and the professors asked that the university be protected, "for it would always be a national asset." Custer agreed and posted guards during the three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which had been burned in June 1864[7].
  • March 6, 1865: Union soldiers crossed the James River at Scottsville on their way to join General Ulysses Grant at Petersburg. They destroyed canal locks and buildings[8].


Sesquicentennial

A group of historians, tourists and history buffs are currently planning the region's approach to the 150th anniversary of the civil war.

Notes

  1. "Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.
  2. Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.
  3. Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.
  4. Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.
  5. Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.
  6. Jordan Jr., Ervin L. "Charlottesville During the Civil War." Encyclopedia Virginia. Ed. Brendan Wolfe. 23 Aug. 2010. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. 29 Jan. 2010 <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Charlottesville_During_the_Civil_War>.
  7. "Charlottesville : Occupation of Charlottesville." Charlottesville : Home. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.charlottesville.org/Index.aspx?page=1973>.
  8. "Charlottesville: Civil War Traveler: Central Virginia." Civil War Travel. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. <http://www.civilwartraveler.com/EAST/VA/va-central/cville.html>.

External links